The question of how the animal's brain integrates this dynamic information, in order to draw conclusions about position and homing information, remains unanswered. Extensive studies in arthropods, most notably in the Sahara desert ant (Cataglyphis bicolor), reveal the existence of highly effective path integration mechanisms that depend on determination of directional heading (by polarizing cues such as the sun) and distance computations (by, essentially, “counting footsteps”). How these sources of information are integrated is not yet known.[2]